By Victoria Bell For Mailonline
Published: 05:42 EDT, 7 May 2019 | Updated: 07:50 EDT, 7 May 2019
Fascinating footage shows a balloon inflating after it is taken out of a beaker of liquid nitrogen.
Liquid nitrogen is a cryogenic liquid, a gas that's kept in a liquid state at extremely low temperatures.
This low temperature causes an air-filled balloon that's dipped into a tub of liquid nitrogen to shrivel up.
That's because cool air takes up less space than warm air does, causing the balloon to shrink.
In the footage, the yellow balloon is lifted out of the tub and placed on the lab surface.
It then starts to inflate when it reaches higher temperatures and the gases inside begin to expand again.
Liquid nitrogen is a cryogenic liquid, a gas that's kept in a liquid state at extremely low temperatures.
This low temperature causes an air-filled balloon that's dipped into a tub of liquid nitrogen to shrivel up.
That's because cool air takes up less space than warm air does, causing the balloon to shrink.
In the footage, the yellow balloon is lifted out of the tub and placed on the lab surface.
It then starts to inflate when it reaches higher temperatures and the gases inside begin to expand again.
The footage was posted online by a chemistry professor from Florida Southwestern State College who calls herself 'Chemical Kim'.
'My focus in teaching science has always been to motivate students to investigate their world through experimentation,' she wrote in a recent science blog.
Liquid nitrogen, nitrogen that is cold enough to exist in liquid form, has a temperature of -196°C (384°F).
When it is poured over an inflated balloon it shrinks because the kinetic energy of the gas molecules reduces along with it.
These gas molecules are moving more slowly, which causes them to collide less frequently and less forcefully with the walls of the balloon, which leads to deflation.
When it is warmed up, the balloon regains its original volume and shape.
Fascinating footage shows what happens to a balloon after it is dipped in liquid nitrogen and then taken out. Liquid nitrogen is a cryogenic liquid, meaning a liquefied gas kept in its state at extremely low temperatures
These temperatures cause it to affect things differently, in this case, a balloon which has been dipped into a small tub of liquid nitrogen. The air-filled balloon shrivels up when dipped into the tub because cool air takes up less space than warm air does
In the footage the yellow balloon is lifted out and placed on the lab surface on which it starts to rapidly expand when it reaches higher temperatures. Liquid nitrogen, nitrogen that is cold enough to exist in liquid form, has a temperature of -196 °C
These gas molecules are moving more slowly, which causes them to collide less frequently and less forcefully with the walls of the balloon, which leads to deflation. When it is warmed up, the balloon regains its original volume and shape
The experiment demonstrates the effect of temperature on volume of gas in a balloon.
The same experiment can be conducted in helium balloons but because helium is lighter than air, it flies up in the air.
The average density of the balloon and helium together is lower than the density of air.
Just like a piece of wood when held under water, it tends to rise to the surface of the water.
When the balloon is cooled, the volume of the air is greater, resulting in a greater average density which makes it come back down.
Liquid nitrogen is the liquefied form of the element nitrogen that is commercially produced by fractional distillation of liquid air.
Like nitrogen gas, it consists of two nitrogen atoms sharing covalent bonds (N2).
Sometimes liquid nitrogen is denoted as LN2, LN, or LIN.
Liquid nitrogen has the UN number 1977, a four-digit number used to identify hazardous materials.
At normal pressure, liquid nitrogen boils at 77 K (−195.8°C or −320.4°F).
The liquid-to-gas expansion ratio of nitrogen is 1:694, which means liquid nitrogen boils to fill a volume with nitrogen gas very quickly.
Nitrogen is nontoxic, odourless, and colourless. It is relatively inert. It is not flammable.
Nitrogen gas is slightly lighter than air when it reaches room temperature. It is slightly soluble in water.
Nitrogen was first liquefied on April 15, 1883, by Polish physicists Zygmunt Wróblewski and Karol Olszewski.
Liquid nitrogen is stored in special insulated containers that are vented to prevent pressure buildup.
Depending on the design of these Dewar flasks, it can be stored for hours or for up to a few weeks.
LN2 displays the Leidenfrost effect, which means it boils so rapidly that it surrounds surfaces with an insulating layer of nitrogen gas.
This is why spilled nitrogen droplets skitter across a floor.
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